News/Media Literacy and Fact-Checking: Fact-Checking and Prebunking

This site is intended to help you identify, understand and address false claims and mis- and disinformation while improving your own information consumption habits.This Fact-Checking page provides easy-to-use steps to determine the quality and validity of information online. And stay up-to-date on the latest research and expert opinions on our Additional Readings page. You can also explore these pages using our guide menu to the left (or above on a mobile device).

Want to make sure your information is accurate? Take these steps.

Click on the links for more information about each step.

• Check your emotions
  • Why? Because you’re already likely to check things you know are important to get right, and you’re predisposed to analyze things that put you an intellectual frame of mind. But things that make you angry or overjoyed, well… our record as humans are not good with these things.
• Check for previous work
  • Look around to see if someone else has already fact-checked the claim or provided a synthesis of research.

    • Washington Post Fact Checker

    • FactCheck.org

    • Snopes.com

    • Politifact.com

    • Politico's Is This True?

• Go "upstream" to the source
  • Go “upstream” to the source of the claim. Most web content is not original. Get to the original source to understand the trustworthiness of the information.
• Read laterally
  • Read laterally.Once you get to the source of a claim, read what other people say about the source (publication, author, etc.). The truth is in the network.
  • Evaluate the source by thinking about the:
    • Process: How was the information created and are there mechanisms in place for correcting errors?
    • Expertise: Why is the author qualified to write on this topic? Is s/he an expert? Does the author had professional knowledge of the topic? Are other experts being interviewed for the source?
    • Aim: What is the publication, author, or media source attempting to accomplish? In other words, what incentive do they have to get things right?
• Circle back
  • If you get lost, or hit dead ends, or find yourself going down an increasingly confusing rabbit hole, back up and start over knowing what you know now. You’re likely to take a more informed path with different search terms and better decisions.
• Take action if needed
  • Crowdsource efforts with the Digital Polarization Initiative
  • Incorporate diverse sources and perspectives into your news diet
  • Fact-check before you share

(from Caulfield's Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers) 

Please feel free to share this guide with others.  If you are a librarian or teacher, you are welcome to use this guide and its contents for your own purposes.  Much of the content in this guide was adapted from the Web Literacy for Student Fact-Checkers textbook by Mike Caulfield of Washington State University Vancouver.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Please note that permission is not given for any part of this LibGuide to be used for any for-profit endeavors, including publication.